As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule of the Exchange Act.

Exchange Act Rule (Cross-Border Issuer Tender Offer)  ☐

Exchange Act Rule (Cross Border Third-Party Tender Offer)  ☐

 

S-4

We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange. If anyone makes any recommendation or representation to you, or gives you any information, you must not rely upon that recommendation, representation or information as having been authorized by us. We and the dealer manager take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. You should not assume that the information in this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange or any prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of those documents. You should not consider this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange to be an offer or solicitation relating to the securities in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or solicitation relating to the securities is not authorized. Furthermore, you should not consider this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange to be an offer or solicitation relating to the securities if the person making the offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so, or if it is unlawful for you to receive such an offer or solicitation.

We are making this Offer to all public warrant holders except those holders who reside in states or other jurisdictions where an offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful (or would require further action in order to comply with applicable securities laws).

 

i

This Prospectus/Offer to Exchange includes forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “designed,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions which are predictions of, or indicate future events and trends or which do not related to historical matters, may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements in this prospectus may include, for example, statements about:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

These forward-looking statements are based largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Forward-looking statements are predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange, or in the case of statements incorporated by reference, on the date of the document incorporated by reference.

 

ii

Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange under the sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors,” in our press releases and in our other financial filings with the SEC. The forward-looking statements in this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange or, in the case of statements incorporated by reference, on the date of the document incorporated by reference. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange, whether as a result of new information, future events, or risks. New information, future events, or risks may cause the forward-looking events we discuss in this report not to occur.

 

iii

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange to:    

 

iv

Co-Invest

 

v

Co-Invest

Additionally, unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” and similar references refer to Vivid Seats Inc. and its subsidiaries.

 

vi

The Company

We are an online ticket marketplace that utilizes our technology platform to connect fans of live events seamlessly with ticket sellers. Our mission is to empower and enable fans to Experience It Live . We believe in the power of shared experiences to connect people, with live events delivering some of life’s most exciting moments. We are relentless about finding ways to make event discovery and ticket purchasing easy, fun, exciting and stress-free. Our platform provides ticket buyers and sellers with an easy-to-use, trusted marketplace experience, ensuring fans can attend live events and create new memories. We operate a technology platform and marketplace that enables ticket buyers to easily discover and purchase tickets from ticket sellers while enabling ticket sellers to seamlessly manage their operations. To generate ticket sales, drive traffic to our website and mobile applications, and build brand recognition, we have mutually beneficial partnerships with a number of content rights holders, media partners, product and service partners and distribution partners.

Corporate Contact Information

We are headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Our principal executive offices are located at 111 N. Canal Street, Suite 800, Chicago, Illinois 60606, and our telephone number is (312) 291-9966. We maintain a website at www.vividseats.com where general information about us is available. The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not part of, and is not incorporated into, this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange or the registration statement of which it forms a part.

Warrants that qualify for the Offer

As of May 23, 2022, we had outstanding an aggregate of 18,132,766 public warrants. Pursuant to the Offer, we are offering up to an aggregate of 4,351,864 shares of our Class A Common Stock in exchange for all of our outstanding public warrants.

Under the Amended and Restated Warrant Agreement, we may call the public warrants for redemption at our option:

•

in whole and not in part;

•

at a price of $0.01 per warrant;

 

1

•

upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption (the “30-day redemption period”) to each warrant holder; and

•

if, and only if, the closing price of our Class A Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for share splits, share dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which we send the notice of redemption to the warrant holders, provided that there is an effective registration statement covering the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants, and a current prospectus relating thereto, available throughout the 30-day redemption period.

Market Price of Our Common Stock

Our Class A Common Stock and public warrants are listed on Nasdaq under the symbols “SEAT” and “SEATW,” respectively. See “Market Information, Dividends and Related Stockholder Matters.”

The Offer

Each warrant holder who tenders public warrants for exchange pursuant to the Offer will receive 0.240 shares of our Class A Common Stock for each public warrant so exchanged. No fractional shares of Class A Common Stock will be issued pursuant to the Offer. In lieu of issuing fractional shares, any holder of public warrants who would otherwise have been entitled to receive fractional shares pursuant to the Offer will, after aggregating all such fractional shares of such holder, be paid cash (without interest) in an amount equal to such fractional part of a share multiplied by the last sale price of our Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq on the last trading day of the Offer Period. Our obligation to complete the Offer is not conditioned on the receipt of a minimum number of tendered warrants.

Holders of the public warrants tendered for exchange will not have to pay any of the exercise price for the tendered public warrants in order to receive shares of Class A Common Stock in the exchange.

The shares of Class A Common Stock issued in exchange for the tendered public warrants will be unrestricted and freely transferable, as long as the holder is not an affiliate of ours and was not an affiliate of ours within the three months prior to the proposed transfer of such shares.

The Offer is being made to all public warrant holders except those holders who reside in states or other jurisdictions where an offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful (or would require further action in order to comply with applicable securities laws).

The Consent Solicitation

In order to tender public warrants in the Offer and Consent Solicitation, holders are required to consent (by executing the Letters

 

2

of Transmittal and Consent or requesting that their broker or nominee consent on their behalf) to an amendment to the Amended and Restated Warrant Agreement governing the public warrants as set forth in the Warrant Amendment attached as Annex A. If approved, the Warrant Amendment would permit the Company to require that all public warrants that are outstanding upon the closing of the Offer be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock at a ratio of 0.213 shares of Class A Common Stock per public warrant (a ratio which is 12.7% less than the exchange ratio applicable to the Offer). Upon such conversion, no public warrants will remain outstanding.

Purpose of the Offer and Consent Solicitation

The purpose of the Offer and Consent Solicitation is to attempt to simplify our capital structure and reduce the potential dilutive impact of the public warrants, thereby providing us with more flexibility for financing our operations in the future. See “The Offer and Consent Solicitation—Background and Purpose of the Offer and Consent Solicitation.”

Offer Period

The Offer and Consent Solicitation will expire on the Expiration Date, which is 11:59 p.m., Eastern Daylight Time, on June 29, 2022, or such later time and date to which we may extend. All public warrants tendered for exchange pursuant to the Offer and Consent Solicitation, and all required related paperwork, must be received by the exchange agent by the Expiration Date, as described in this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange.

If the Offer Period is extended, we will make a public announcement of such extension by no later than 9:00 a.m., Eastern Daylight Time, on the next business day following the Expiration Date as in effect immediately prior to such extension.

We may withdraw the Offer and Consent Solicitation only if the conditions of the Offer and Consent Solicitation are not satisfied or waived prior to the Expiration Date. Promptly upon any such withdrawal, we will return the tendered warrants (and the related consent to the Warrant Amendment will be revoked). We will announce our decision to withdraw the Offer and Consent Solicitation by disseminating notice by public announcement or otherwise as permitted by applicable law. See “The Offer and Consent Solicitation—General Terms—Offer Period.”

Amendments to the Offer and Consent Solicitation

We reserve the right at any time or from time to time to amend the Offer and Consent Solicitation, including by increasing or (if the conditions to the Offer are not satisfied) decreasing the exchange ratio of Class A Common Stock issued for every public warrant exchanged or by changing the terms of the Warrant Amendment. If we make a material change in the terms of the Offer and Consent Solicitation or the information concerning the Offer and Consent Solicitation, or if

 

3

we waive a material condition of the Offer and Consent Solicitation, we will extend the Offer and Consent Solicitation to the extent required by Rules 13e-4(d)(2) and 13e-4(e)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). See “The Offer and Consent Solicitation—General Terms—Amendments to the Offer and Consent Solicitation.”

Conditions to the Offer and Consent Solicitation

The Offer is subject to customary conditions, including the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange forms a part and the absence of any action or proceeding, statute, rule, regulation or order that would challenge or restrict the making or completion of the Offer. The Offer is not conditioned upon the receipt of a minimum number of tendered public warrants. However, the Consent Solicitation is conditioned upon receiving the consent of holders of at least 65% of the outstanding public warrants (which is the minimum number required to amend the Amended and Restated Warrant Agreement). We may waive some of the conditions to the Offer. See “The Offer and Consent Solicitation—General Terms—Conditions to the Offer and Consent Solicitation.”

We will not complete the Offer and Consent Solicitation unless and until the registration statement described above is effective. If the registration statement is not effective at the Expiration Date, we may, in our discretion, extend, suspend or cancel the Offer and Consent Solicitation, and will inform public warrant holders of such event.

Withdrawal Rights

If you tender your public warrants for exchange and change your mind, you may withdraw your tendered public warrants (and thereby automatically revoke the related consent to the Warrant Amendment) at any time prior to the Expiration Date, as described in greater detail in the section titled “The Offer and Consent Solicitation—Withdrawal Rights.” If the Offer Period is extended, you may withdraw your tendered public warrants (and thereby automatically revoke the related consent to the Warrant Amendment) at any time until the extended Expiration Date. In addition, tendered public warrants that are not accepted by us for exchange by July 28, 2022 may thereafter be withdrawn by you until such time as the public warrants are accepted by us for exchange.

Federal and State Regulatory Approvals

Other than compliance with the applicable federal and state securities laws, no federal or state regulatory requirements must be complied with and no federal or state regulatory approvals must be obtained in connection with the Offer and Consent Solicitation.

Absence of Appraisal or Dissenters’ Rights

Holders of our public warrants do not have any appraisal or dissenters’ rights under applicable law in connection with the Offer and Consent Solicitation.

 

4

U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Offer

For those holders of our public warrants participating in the Offer and for any holders of our public warrants subsequently exchanged for Class A Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Amendment, we intend, and each holder agrees pursuant to the Letter of Transmittal and Warrant Amendment, as applicable, to treat the exchange of public warrants for our Class A Common Stock as a “recapitalization” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(E) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Under such treatment, (i) you should not recognize any gain or loss on the exchange of public warrants for shares of Class A Common Stock (except to the extent of any cash payment received in lieu of a fractional share in connection with the Offer or such subsequent exchange), (ii) your aggregate tax basis in our Class A Common Stock received in the exchange should equal your aggregate tax basis in your public warrants surrendered in the exchange (except to the extent of any tax basis allocated to a fractional share for which a cash payment is received in connection with the Offer or such subsequent exchange), and (iii) your holding period for our Class A Common Stock received in the exchange should include your holding period for the surrendered public warrants. However, because there is a lack of direct legal authority regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the exchange of our public warrants for our Class A Common Stock, there can be no assurance in this regard and alternative characterizations are possible by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) or a court, including ones that would require U.S. Holders (as defined under “Market Information, Dividends and Related Stockholder Matters—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences—U.S. Holders”) to recognize taxable income.

If the Warrant Amendment is approved, we intend, and each applicable holder agrees pursuant to the Warrant Amendment, to treat all public warrants not exchanged for Class A Common Stock in the Offer as having been exchanged for “new” public warrants pursuant to the Warrant Amendment and to treat such deemed exchange as a “recapitalization” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(E) of the Code. Under such treatment, (i) you should not recognize any gain or loss on the deemed exchange of public warrants for “new” public warrants, (ii) your aggregate tax basis in the “new” public warrants deemed to be received in the exchange should equal your aggregate tax basis in your existing public warrants deemed surrendered in the exchange, and (iii) your holding period for the “new” public warrants deemed to be received in the exchange should include your holding period for the public warrants deemed surrendered. Because there is a lack of direct legal authority regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of a deemed exchange of public warrants for “new” public warrants pursuant to the Warrant Amendment, there can be no assurance in this regard and alternative characterizations by the IRS or a court are possible, including ones that would require U.S. Holders to recognize taxable income. See “Market Information,

 

5

Dividends and Related Stockholder Matters—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences.”

No Recommendation

Neither we nor any of our Board of Directors, our management, the dealer manager, the exchange agent, the information agent or any other person makes any recommendation on whether you should tender or refrain from tendering all or any portion of your public warrants or consent to the Warrant Amendment, and no one has been authorized by any of them to make such a recommendation.

Risk Factors

For risks related to the Offer and Consent Solicitation, please read the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 9 of this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange.

Exchange Agent

The depositary and exchange agent for the Offer and Consent Solicitation is:

Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company

Dealer Manager

The dealer manager for the Offer and Consent Solicitation is:

Evercore Group L.L.C.

55 East 52 nd Street, 35 th Floor

New York, New York 10055

Toll-Free: (888) 474-0200

We have other business relationships with the dealer manager, as described in “The Offer and Consent Solicitation—Dealer Manager.”

Additional Information

We recommend that our public warrant holders review the registration statement on Form S-4, of which this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange forms a part, including the exhibits that we have filed with the SEC in connection with the Offer and Consent Solicitation and our other materials that we have filed with the SEC, before making a decision on whether to tender for exchange in the Offer and consent to the Warrant Amendment. All reports and other documents we have filed with the SEC can be accessed electronically on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov .

 

6

•

The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and may continue to have, a material negative impact on our business and operating results.

•

Our business is dependent on the continued occurrence of large-scale sporting events, concerts and theater shows and on relationships with buyers, sellers and distribution partners and any change in such occurrence or relationships could adversely affect our business.

•

Changes in Internet search engine algorithms or changes in marketplace rules could have a negative impact on traffic for our sites and ultimately, our business and results of operations.

•

We face intense competition in the ticketing industry.

•

If we do not continue to maintain and improve our platform or develop successful new solutions and enhancements, or improve existing ones, our business will suffer.

•

We may be adversely affected by the occurrence of extraordinary events.

•

We may be unsuccessful in potential future acquisitions.

•

Due to our business’ seasonality, our financial performance in particular financial periods may not be indicative of, or comparable to, our financial performance in subsequent financial periods.

•

The processing, storage, use and disclosure of personal data could give rise to liabilities as a result of governmental regulation, conflicting legal requirements or applications of privacy regulations.

•

Unfavorable legislative outcomes, or outcomes in legal proceedings in which we may be involved may adversely affect our business and operating results.

•

Risks related to information technology, cybersecurity and intellectual property.

•

System interruption and the lack of integration and redundancy in our systems and infrastructure may have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

•

Cyber security risks, data loss or other breaches of our network security could materially harm our business and results of operations.

•

Our payments system depends on third-party providers.

•

The agreements governing our indebtedness impose restrictions on us that limit the discretion of management in operating our business.

•

We depend on the cash flows of our subsidiaries in order to satisfy our obligations, and we may face liquidity constraints if we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows and we may be unable to raise the additional capital when necessary or desirable.

 

7

•

Our Private Equity Owner controls us, and its interest may conflict with ours in the future.

•

We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq listing standards.

•

Our Tax Receivable Agreement requires us to make cash payments to Hoya Topco.

•

Our only material asset is our direct and indirect interests in Hoya Intermediate.

•

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting.

•

We are an emerging growth company.

•

A significant portion of our total outstanding shares of our Class A Common Stock are restricted from resale but may be sold into the market in the future, which could cause the market price of our Class A Common Stock to drop significantly.

•

Warrants will become exercisable for our Class A Common Stock, which may increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the market and result in dilution to our stockholders.

 

8

Risks Related to the Pandemic

COVID-19

COVID-19

mid-March

COVID-19

mid-2021,

pre-pandemic

COVID-19

COVID-19

pre-COVID

Our business depends on concert, sporting and theater events in order to generate most of our revenue from ticket sales in the secondary ticket market. Due to fewer sporting, concert and theater events as well as lower fan attendance since the onset of the pandemic, our revenue has been negatively impacted and it is possible these circumstances continue for a longer period of time than currently anticipated.

COVID-19

COVID-19,

 

9

material negative impact on our business and operating results. Many of these risks and uncertainties may extend beyond the duration of current pandemic conditions due to the uncertainty around how concert, sporting and theater industries may change going forward as a result of the pandemic. Such additional or attendant risks and uncertainties include, among other things:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

COVID-19

COVID-19

COVID-19

Ticket sales are sensitive to fluctuations in the number of entertainment, sporting and theater events and activities offered by promoters, teams and facilities, and adverse trends in the entertainment, sporting and leisure event industries could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We rely on these entertainers to create and perform at live music, sporting and theater events, and any unwillingness to tour, lack of availability of popular artists or decrease in the number of games or performances held could limit our ability to generate revenue. Accordingly, our success depends upon the ability of these promoters, teams and facilities to correctly anticipate public demand for particular events, as well as the availability of popular artists, entertainers and teams, and any decrease in availability or failure to anticipate public demand could result in reduced demand for our services, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business is dependent on maintaining our deep and longstanding relationships with the parties that use our platform to buy and sell tickets, including ticket buyers, ticket sellers, and distribution partners that sell

 

10

tickets to consumers using our ticket inventory, payment platform and customer service. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to maintain existing relationships, or enter into new relationships, on acceptable terms, if at all, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely heavily on Internet search engines, such as Google, to generate traffic to our website, through a combination of organic and paid searches. Search engines frequently update and change the logic that determines the placement and display of results of a user’s search, such that the purchased or algorithmic placement of links to our website can be negatively affected. In addition, a search engine could, for competitive or other purposes, alter its search algorithms or results causing our website to be placed lower in organic search query results. If a major search engine changes its algorithms in a manner that negatively affects the search engine ranking of our website or those of our partners, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be harmed. Furthermore, our failure to successfully manage our search engine optimization could result in a substantial decrease in traffic to our website, as well as increased costs if we were to replace free traffic with paid traffic, which may harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

app-based

Our business faces significant competition from other national, regional and local primary and secondary ticketing service providers to secure new and retain existing sellers, buyers and distribution partners on a continuous basis. We also face competition in the resale of tickets from other professional ticket resellers. The intense competition that we face in the ticketing industry could cause the volume of our ticketing business to decline, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Other competitive variables that could lead to a decrease in event attendance, ticket prices, fees and/or profit margins that could adversely affect our financial performance include:

 

 

 

 

In addition, competition within the gaming and fantasy sports industry is significant, and our existing and potential users may elect to use competing daily fantasy sports products.

 

11

Our ability to attract and retain sellers, buyers and distribution partners depends in large part on our ability to provide a user-friendly and effective platform, develop and improve our platform and introduce compelling new solutions and enhancements. Our industry is characterized by rapidly changing technology, service and product introductions and changing demands of sellers, buyers and distribution partners. We spend substantial time and resources understanding such parties’ needs and responding to them. Building new solutions is costly and complex, and the timetable for commercial release is difficult to predict and may vary from our historical experience. In addition, after development, sellers, buyers and distribution partners may not be satisfied with our enhancements or perceive that the enhancements do not adequately meet their needs. The success of a new solution or enhancement to our platform can depend on several factors, including timely completion and delivery, competitive pricing, adequate quality testing, integration with our platform, user awareness and overall market acceptance and adoption. If we do not continue to maintain and improve our platform or develop successful new solutions and enhancements or improve existing ones, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.

Maintaining and enhancing our reputation and brand as a differentiated ticketing marketplace serving buyers, sellers and distribution partners is critical in retaining our relationships with our existing buyers, sellers and distribution partners and to our ability to attract new buyers, sellers and distribution partners. The successful promotion of our brand attributes will depend on a number of factors that we control and some factors outside of our control.

The promotion of our brand requires us to make substantial expenditures and management investment, which will increase as our market becomes more competitive and as we seek to expand our marketplace. To the extent these activities yield increased revenue, this revenue may not offset the increased expenses we incur. If we do not successfully maintain and enhance our brand and successfully differentiate our marketplace from competitive products and services, our business may not grow, we may not be able to compete effectively and we could lose buyers, sellers or distribution partners or fail to attract potential new buyers, sellers and distribution partners, all of which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

COVID-19

If we are unable to maintain a reputable platform that provides valuable solutions and desirable events, then our ability to attract and retain sellers, buyers and distribution partners could be impaired and our reputation, brand and business could be harmed.

A reduction in the number of live concert, sporting and theater events will have an adverse effect on our revenue and operating income. Many of the factors affecting the number and availability of live concert, sporting

 

12

and theater events are beyond our control. For instance, certain sports leagues have experienced labor disputes leading to threatened or actual player lockouts. Any such lockouts that result in shortened or canceled seasons will adversely impact our business both due to the loss of games and ticketing opportunities as well as the possibility of decreased attendance following such a lockout due to adverse fan reaction.

A decline in attendance at live concert, sporting and theater events may also have an adverse effect on our revenue and operating income. Our business depends on discretionary consumer and corporate spending. Many factors related to corporate spending and discretionary consumer spending, including economic conditions affecting disposable consumer income such as unemployment levels, fuel prices, interest rates, changes in tax rates and tax laws that impact companies or individuals, and rising inflation can significantly impact our operating results. Business conditions, as well as various industry conditions, can also significantly impact our operating results as these factors can affect premium seat sales. Negative factors such as challenging economic conditions and public concerns over terrorism and security incidents, particularly when combined, can also impact corporate and consumer spending. During periods of economic slowdown and recession, many consumers have historically reduced their discretionary spending. The risks associated with our business will become more acute in periods of a slowing economy or recession, which may be accompanied by a decrease in attendance at live concert, sporting and theater events.

COVID-19,

The occurrence and threat of extraordinary events, such as terrorist attacks, intentional or unintentional mass-casualty incidents, public health concerns such as contagious disease epidemics or pandemics, public safety incidents such as Astroworld, and natural disasters or similar severe weather events, may deter artists from touring, teams from holding games and/or substantially decrease the use of and demand for our services, which may decrease our revenue or expose us to substantial liability.

Terrorism and security incidents in the past, military actions and wars, periodic elevated terrorism alerts and fears related to contagious disease epidemics and pandemics have raised numerous challenging operating factors, including public concerns regarding air travel, military actions and additional national or local catastrophic incidents, causing a nationwide disruption of commercial and leisure activities.

COVID-19

Attendance at events may decline or events may be cancelled due to these extraordinary, perilous events, which could adversely impact our operating results. Cancellations of such events could adversely affect our financial performance, as we are obligated to issue refunds or credits for tickets purchased for those events that are not rescheduled.

 

13

Our future growth rate may depend in part on our selective acquisition of additional businesses. A portion of our growth has been attributable to acquisitions, such as the acquisition of Fanxchange Limited in 2019 and Betcha Sports, Inc. (“Betcha”) in 2021. We may be unable to identify other suitable targets for acquisition or make acquisitions at favorable prices. If we identify a suitable acquisition candidate, our ability to successfully complete the acquisition depends on a variety of factors and may include our ability to obtain financing on acceptable terms and requisite government approvals. In addition, our credit facility restricts our ability to make certain acquisitions. In connection with future acquisitions, we could take certain actions that could adversely affect our business, including:

 

 

 

 

 

In addition, acquisitions involve inherent risks which, if realized, could adversely affect our business and results of operations, including those associated with:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For example, we acquired Betcha, a real money daily fantasy sports app with social and gamification features that enhance fans’ connection with their favorite live sports, in December 2021. This acquisition involves inherent risks, including those associated with integrating a new line of business and adhering to a new regulatory regime. The success of this acquisition is based, in part, on our ability to overcome these risks.

Our financial results and cash needs will vary greatly from quarter to quarter and year to year depending on, among other things, sports teams performance, the timing of tours, tour cancellations, event ticket sales, weather, seasonal and other fluctuations in our operating results, the timing of guaranteed payments, financing activities, competitive dynamics, acquisitions and investments and receivables management. Because our results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year, our financial results for one quarter or year cannot

 

14

mid-March

Our success depends upon the continued service of our senior management team and key technical employees, as well as our ability to continue to attract and retain additional highly qualified personnel. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate, retain and integrate highly skilled personnel for all areas of our organization. Each of our executive officers, key technical personnel and other employees could terminate his or her relationship with us at any time. The loss of any member of our senior management team or key personnel might significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives and could harm our business and our relationships. Competition in our industry for qualified employees is intense. In addition, our compensation arrangements, such as our equity award programs, may not always be successful in attracting new employees and retaining and motivating our existing employees.

COVID-19

COVID-19

pre-COVID

non-cash

COVID-19

 

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We receive, transmit and store a large volume of personal data and other user data. Numerous federal, state and international laws address privacy, data protection and the collection, storage, sharing, usage, disclosure and protection of personal data and other user data. In the United States, numerous states already have, and a number of states are looking to adopt or expand, data protection legislation requiring companies like ours to consider solutions to meet differing rights, needs and expectations of buyers and sellers. For example, California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which took effect on January 1, 2020. The CCPA established a new privacy framework for covered businesses such as ours and may require us to further modify our data processing practices and policies and incur additional compliance-related costs and expenses. The CCPA requires companies that process information on California residents to disclose to consumers their data collection, use and sharing practices and grants consumers certain rights, including to opt out of certain data sharing with third parties. The CCPA provides for statutory penalties, and a private right of action for data breaches resulting from a failure to implement reasonable security procedures and practices. In addition, in November 2020, California voters approved the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”) ballot initiative which introduced significant amendments to the CCPA and established and funded a dedicated California privacy regulator, the California Privacy Protection Agency (“CPPA”). The amendments introduced by the CPRA go into effect on January 1, 2023, and new implementing regulations are expected to be introduced by the CPPA, which may require further modifications to our data processing practices and policies and to incur additional compliance-related costs and expenses. Further, in March 2021, Virginia enacted the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act, and in July 2021, Colorado enacted the Colorado Privacy Act. Both are comprehensive privacy statutes that share similarities with the CCPA and CPRA, including the effective date. Similar laws have been proposed in other states and at the federal level, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States, which could increase our potential liability. The enactment of such laws could have potentially conflicting requirements that would make compliance challenging and necessitate further modification of our data processing practices and policies. In addition to new regulation, courts around the country continue to evolve their interpretation of applicable data privacy and protection laws, including the CCPA.

Outside the United States, personal data and other user data is increasingly subject to legislation and regulations in numerous jurisdictions around the world in which we operate, the intent of which is to protect the privacy of information that is collected, processed and transmitted in or from the governing jurisdiction. Foreign data protection, privacy, information security, user protection and other laws and regulations are often more restrictive and complex than those in the United States. For example, the Canadian Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (“PIPEDA”) is a comprehensive privacy and security law for organizations collecting, using, or disclosing information about identified individuals for commercial purposes, and may impose obligations upon organizations subject to that law that are greater than what is commonplace in the United States. Certain Canadian provinces have their own data protection regulations as well. Similarly, the United Kingdom (the “UK”), the European Union (the “EU”) and countries in the European Economic Area (the “EEA”) traditionally have taken broader views as to types of data that are subject to privacy and data protection laws and regulations, and have imposed different legal obligations on companies in this regard. For example, the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) became effective May 25, 2018. The GDPR applies to any company established in the EEA as well as to those outside the EEA if they collect and use personal data in connection with the offering of goods or services to individuals in the EEA or the monitoring of their behavior. Although we do not currently trigger the application of the GDPR, if we materially alter our operations such that we become established in the EU/UK (e.g., by employing individuals in those locations), begin monitoring individuals in the EU/UK or demonstrate an intention to offer goods and services to individuals in the EU/UK, we may be required to comply with data protection laws in the EEA or the UK, such as the GDPR and the UK GDPR. If we are required to comply with PIPEDA or EEA or UK data privacy laws, this may significantly increase our operational costs and our overall risk exposure. In addition, the Canadian Parliament has debated a new privacy and security law, proposed to replace PIPEDA, which may impose new or additional

 

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obligations upon companies subject to it. The proposed new privacy and security has not yet been introduced in the current, 44th Parliament. If PIPEDA is replaced with a new privacy and security law in the future, it may require us to further modify our data processing practices and policies and incur additional compliance-related costs and expenses.

The interpretation and application of many privacy and data protection laws are, and will likely remain, uncertain, and it is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our existing data management practices or product features. If so, in addition to the possibility of fines, lawsuits and other claims and penalties, we could be required to fundamentally change our business activities and practices or modify our products, which could harm our business. In addition to government regulation, privacy advocacy and industry groups may propose new and different self-regulatory standards that legally or contractually apply to us. Any inability to adequately address privacy, data protection and data security concerns or comply with applicable privacy, data protection or data security laws, regulations, policies and other obligations could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, inhibit sales and harm our business.

Our failure, and/or the failure by our various service providers and partners, to comply with applicable privacy policies or federal, state or similar international laws and regulations or any other obligations relating to privacy, data protection or information security, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized access, acquisition or release of personal data or other user data, or the perception that any such failure or compromise has occurred, could negatively harm our brand and reputation, result in a loss of sellers, buyers or distribution partners, discourage potential sellers or buyers from trying our platform and/or result in fines and/or proceedings by governmental agencies and/or users, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, practices, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, U.S. and international law may in certain circumstances require businesses to notify affected individuals, governmental entities, and/or credit reporting agencies of certain security incidents affecting personal information. Such laws are inconsistent, and compliance in the event of a widespread security incident is complex and costly and may be difficult to implement. Our existing general liability and cyber liability insurance policies may not cover, or may cover only a portion of, any response costs, remediation, and potential claims related to security breaches to which we are exposed or may not be adequate to indemnify us for all or any portion of liabilities that may be imposed. We also cannot be certain that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or in amounts sufficient to cover the potentially significant losses that may result from a security incident or breach or that the insurer will not deny coverage of any future claim.

We may be called on to defend ourselves against lawsuits relating to our business operations. Some of these claims may seek significant damage amounts due to the nature of our business. Due to the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot accurately predict the ultimate outcome of any such proceedings.

Our results may be affected by the outcome of future litigation. Unfavorable rulings in our legal proceedings may have a negative impact on us that may be greater or smaller depending on the nature of the rulings. In addition, we are currently, and from time to time in the future may be, subject to various other claims, investigations, legal and administrative cases and proceedings (whether civil or criminal) or lawsuits by governmental agencies or private parties. If the results of these investigations, proceedings or suits are unfavorable to us or if we are unable to successfully defend against third-party lawsuits, we may be required to pay monetary damages or may be subject to fines, penalties, injunctions or other censure that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Even if we adequately address the issues raised by an investigation or proceeding or successfully defend a third-party lawsuit or counterclaim, we may have to devote significant financial and management resources to address these issues, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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The collection, transfer, use, disclosure, security and retention of personal or sensitive information and other user data are governed by existing and evolving federal, state and international laws, as described above. We have expended significant capital and other resources to keep abreast of the evolving privacy landscape. However, due to the changes in the data privacy regulatory environment, we may incur additional costs and challenges to our business that restrict or limit our ability to collect, transfer, use, disclose, secure, or retain personal or sensitive information. These changes in data privacy laws may require us to modify our current or future products, services, programs, practices or policies, which may in turn impact the products and services available to our customers.

Approximately 40 states regulate the secondary ticket market, such as by requiring certain disclosures, refunding practices or other consumer affairs obligations. It is possible that further regulation or unfavorable legislative outcomes imposing additional restrictions on ticket resales, such as maximum resale price caps and transferability, may adversely affect our industry, our business and our operating results.

Various jurisdictions have enacted, and others may enact, rules and regulations, including tax and license requirements for daily fantasy sports operators that may make the entry process cumbersome, expensive, and lengthy. Our growth potential depends on the legal status of real-money daily fantasy sports in various jurisdictions and our ability to obtain licenses to operate in jurisdictions where licenses are required. We currently offer our fantasy sports contests in 24 states that either do not require a license or where we have obtained the required license. Currently, 20 states require fantasy contest operators to obtain a license prior to operating within those jurisdictions, and 2 of those states are not currently accepting applications from new operators. Any change in existing daily fantasy sports rules and regulations or their interpretation related to our daily fantasy sports product, or the regulatory climate applicable to daily fantasy sports, could adversely impact our ability to operate our business as currently conducted or as we seek to operate in the future.

The application of indirect taxes, such as sales and use, amusement, value-added, goods and services, business and gross receipts, to businesses like ours, and to buyers and sellers in our marketplace, is a complex and evolving issue. Significant judgment is required to evaluate applicable tax obligations and as a result, amounts recorded are subject to adjustment. In many cases, the ultimate tax determination is uncertain because it is unclear how new and existing statutes might apply to our business. One or more states, localities, the federal government or other countries may seek to impose additional reporting, record-keeping or indirect tax collection obligations on businesses like ours that facilitate online marketplaces. Imposition of an information reporting or tax collection requirement could decrease seller activity on our platform, which would harm our business. New legislation could require us, or sellers on our marketplace, to incur substantial costs in order to comply, including costs associated with tax calculation, collection and remittance and audit requirements, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

It is possible that we could face sales and use tax and value-added tax audits in the future and that state or international tax authorities could assert that we are obligated to collect additional amounts as taxes on behalf of sellers and remit those taxes to those authorities. We could also be subject to audits and assessments with respect to states and international jurisdictions for which we have not accrued tax liabilities. A successful assertion that we should be collecting additional sales or other taxes in jurisdictions where we have not historically done so, and do not accrue for sales or other taxes, could result in substantial tax liabilities for past sales and otherwise harm our business and results of operations.

Our business is dependent upon sellers having the ability to list tickets for sale on the secondary ticket market for events put on by artists, teams and promoters. Any actions taken by federal, state or local

 

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governments, rights holders or companies that issue tickets (i.e., the primary ticketing companies), such as enacting restrictions regarding resale policies, using technology to limit where and how tickets are sold on the secondary market, charging incremental fees for the ability to sell tickets on the secondary market or partnering with other resale marketplaces on an exclusive basis, could result in reduced demand for our services, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

System interruption and the lack of integration and redundancy in the information systems and infrastructure, both of our own ticketing systems and other computer systems and of affiliate and third-party software, computer networks and other communications systems service providers on which we rely, may adversely affect our ability to operate websites, process and fulfill transactions, respond to customer inquiries and generally maintain cost-efficient operations. Similarly, due to our reliance on a network of technology systems, many of which are outside of our control, changes to interfaces upon which we rely or a reluctance of our counterparties to continue supporting our systems could lead to technology interruptions. Such interruptions could occur by virtue of natural disaster, malicious actions such as cyber attacks or intrusions, or acts of terrorism or war, or human error. In addition, the loss of some or all of certain key personnel could require us to expend additional resources to continue to maintain our software and systems and could subject us to systems interruptions. The large infrastructure footprint that is required to operate our systems requires an ongoing investment of time, money and effort to maintain or refresh hardware and software and to ensure it remains at a level capable of servicing the demand and volume of business that we receive. Failure to do so may result in system instability, degradation in performance, or unfixable security vulnerabilities that could adversely impact both the business and the consumers utilizing our services.

While we have backup systems for certain aspects of our operations, disaster recovery planning by its nature may not be sufficient for all eventualities. In addition, we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate for losses from an extended interruption. If any of these adverse events were to occur, it could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Due to the nature of our business, we process, store, use, transfer and disclose certain personal or sensitive information about our customers and employees. Penetration of our network or other misappropriation or misuse of personal or sensitive information and data, including credit card information and other personally identifiable information, could cause interruptions in our operations and subject us to increased costs, litigation, inquiries and actions from governmental authorities, and financial or other liabilities. In addition, security breaches, incidents or the inability to protect information could lead to increased incidents of ticketing fraud and counterfeit tickets. Security breaches and incidents could also significantly damage our reputation with sellers, buyers, distribution partners and other third parties, and could result in significant costs related to remediation efforts, such as credit or identity theft monitoring. Such incidents may occur in the future, resulting in unauthorized, unlawful, or inappropriate access to, inability to access, disclosure of, or loss of the sensitive, proprietary and confidential information that we handle.

Although we have developed systems and processes that are designed to protect customer and employee information and to prevent security breaches or incidents (which could result in data loss or other harm or loss),

 

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such measures cannot provide absolute security or certainty. It is possible that advances in computer and threat actor capabilities, new variants of malware, the development of new penetration methods and tools, inadvertent violations of company policies or procedures or other developments could result in a compromise of customer or employee information or a breach of the technology and security processes that are used to protect customer and employee information. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems may change frequently and as a result, may be difficult for our business to detect for long periods of time. We have expended significant capital and other resources to protect against and remedy such potential security breaches, incidents and their consequences and will continue to do so in the future. However, despite our efforts, we may be unaware of or unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures.

We also face risks associated with security breaches and incidents affecting third parties with which we are affiliated or with which we otherwise conduct business. In particular, hardware, software or applications we develop or procure from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture and/or may pose a security risk that could unexpectedly compromise information security. Sellers, buyers and distribution partners are generally concerned with the security and privacy of the internet, and any publicized security problems affecting our businesses and/or third parties may discourage sellers, buyers or distribution partners from doing business with us, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Canadian law and laws in all states and U.S. territories require businesses to notify affected individuals, governmental entities, and/or credit reporting agencies of certain security incidents affecting personal information. Such laws are inconsistent, and compliance in the event of a widespread security incident is complex and costly and may be difficult to implement. Our existing general liability and cyber liability insurance policies may not cover, or may cover only a portion of, any potential claims related to security breaches to which we are exposed or may not be adequate to indemnify us for all or any portion of liabilities that may be imposed. We also cannot be certain that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or in amounts sufficient to cover the potentially significant losses that may result from a security incident or breach or that the insurer will not deny coverage of any future claim.

know-how

We have been granted trademark registrations with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and/or various foreign authorities for certain of our brands. Our existing or future trademarks may be adjudicated invalid by a court or may not afford us adequate protection against competitors.

We cannot be certain that the measures we implement will prevent infringement, misappropriation or other violations of our intellectual property rights, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our

 

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proprietary rights as fully as they do in the United States. Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights in a meaningful manner or challenges to our related contractual rights could result in erosion of our brand names or other intellectual property and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets or determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights claimed by others. Any litigation of this nature, regardless of outcome or merit, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and technical resources, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We cannot be certain that the operation of our business does not, or will not, infringe or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of third parties. From time to time, we have been and may in the future be, subject to legal proceedings and claims alleging that we infringe or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of third parties. These claims, whether or not successful, could divert management time and attention away from our business and harm our reputation and financial condition. In addition, the outcome of litigation is uncertain, and third parties asserting claims could secure a judgment awarding substantial damages, as well as injunctive or other equitable relief against us, which could require us to rebrand, redesign, or reengineer our platform, products or services, and/or effectively block our ability to distribute, market or sell our products and services.

We rely on third-party providers to support our payment system, as our buyers primarily use credit cards to purchase tickets on our marketplace. Nearly all our revenue is associated with payments processed through a single provider, which relies on banks and payment card networks to process transactions. If this provider or any of its vendors do not operate well with our platform, our payments systems and our business could be adversely affected. If this provider does not perform adequately, determines certain types of transactions are prohibited, if this provider’s technology does not interoperate well with our platform, or if our relationships with this provider, the bank or the payment card networks on which it relies were to terminate unexpectedly, buyers may find our platform more difficult to use. Such an outcome could harm the ability of sellers to use our platform, which could cause them to use our platform less.

re-interpret

We are also subject to the Payment Card Industry (“PCI”) Data Security Standard, which is a standard designed to protect credit card account data as mandated by payment card industry entities. We rely on vendors to handle PCI matters and to ensure PCI compliance. Despite our compliance efforts, we may become subject to claims that we have violated the PCI Data Security Standard based on past, present, and future business practices. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with the PCI Data Security Standard can subject us to fines, termination of banking relationships, and increased transaction fees.

Additionally, while we deploy sophisticated technology to detect fraudulent purchase activity, we may incur losses if we fail to prevent the use of fraudulent credit card information on transactions in the future. Fraud

 

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schemes are becoming increasingly sophisticated and common, and our ability to detect and combat fraudulent schemes may be negatively impacted by the adoption of new payment methods and new technology platforms. If we or this provider fail to identify fraudulent activity or are unable to effectively combat the use of fraudulent credit cards on our platform or if we otherwise experience increased levels of disputed credit card payments, our results of operations and financial positions could be materially adversely affected.

Finally, payment card networks and our payment processing partner could increase the fees they charge us for their services, which would increase our operating costs and reduce our margins. Any such increase in fees could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The agreement governing our credit facility includes restrictive covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Our failure to comply with the terms and covenants of our indebtedness could lead to a default under the terms of the governing documents, which would entitle the lenders to accelerate the indebtedness and declare all amounts owed due and payable.

As of March 31, 2022, our total indebtedness, excluding unamortized debt discounts and debt issuance costs, was $275.0 million.

Our sizeable indebtedness and any future increases in our indebtedness could have adverse consequences, including:

 

 

 

 

 

 

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We rely on distributions and/or loans from our subsidiaries to meet our payment requirements under our obligations. If our subsidiaries are unable to pay dividends or otherwise make payments to us, we may not be able to make debt service payments on our obligations. Subject to certain exceptions, each of our subsidiaries guarantees our indebtedness under our credit facility. We conduct substantially all of our operations through our subsidiaries. Our operating cash flows and consequently our ability to service our debt is therefore principally dependent upon our subsidiaries’ earnings and their distributions of those earnings to us and may also be dependent upon loans or other payments of funds to us by those subsidiaries. In addition, the ability of our subsidiaries to provide funds to us may be subject to restrictions under our credit facility and may be subject to the terms of such subsidiaries’ future indebtedness, as well as the availability of sufficient surplus funds under applicable law.

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We may need to raise additional funds, and we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, if at all. Our ability to obtain financing will depend on a number of factors, including:

 

 

 

 

We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations, or that we will be able to obtain financing, in an amount sufficient to fund our operations or other liquidity needs. If we raise additional equity financing, our security holders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock.

If we need additional capital and cannot raise it on acceptable terms, if at all, we may not be able to, among other things:

 

 

 

 

 

Our inability to do any of the foregoing could reduce our ability to compete successfully and could have an adverse effect on our business.

 

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Hoya Topco, which is controlled by our Private Equity Owner and its affiliates, controls approximately 60% of the voting power of our outstanding common stock, which means that, based on its percentage voting power controlled, our Private Equity Owner controls the vote of all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders. Thus, our Private Equity Owner controls the election of the members of our Board of Directors subject to the terms of the Stockholders’ Agreement and all other corporate decisions. Even when our Private Equity Owner ceases to control a majority of the total voting power, for so long as our Private Equity Owner continues to own a significant percentage of our common stock, our Private Equity Owner will be able to significantly influence the composition of our Board of Directors and the approval of actions requiring shareholder approval. Accordingly, for such period of time, our Private Equity Owner has significant influence with respect to our management, business plans and policies, including the appointment and removal of our officers, decisions on whether to raise future capital and amending our charter and bylaws, which govern the rights attached to our common stock. In particular, for so long as our Private Equity Owner continues to own a significant percentage of our common stock, our Private Equity Owner will be able to cause or prevent our change of control or a change in the composition of our Board of Directors and could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of us. The concentration of ownership could deprive you of an opportunity to receive a premium for your shares of our Class A Common Stock as part of a potential sale and ultimately might affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock.

Our Stockholders’ Agreement provides our Private Equity Owner the right to nominate to our Board of Directors (i) five directors, so long as our Private Equity Owner, in the aggregate, beneficially owns at least 24% of the aggregate number of shares of our common stock, of which at least one will qualify as an “independent director” under applicable stock exchange regulations, (ii) four directors, so long as our Private Equity Owner, in the aggregate, beneficially owns at least 18% but less than 24% of our common stock, (iii) three directors, so long as our Private Equity Owner, in the aggregate, beneficially owns at least 12% but less than 18% of our common stock, (iv) two directors, so long as our Private Equity Owner, in the aggregate, beneficially owns at least 6% but less than 12% of our common stock and (v) until the date our Private Equity Owner, in the aggregate, beneficially owns a number of voting shares representing less than 5% of the aggregate number of shares of our common stock held, directly or indirectly, by our Private Equity Owner, one director. Pursuant to the foregoing provisions of the Stockholder’s Agreement, our Private Equity Owner will be able to designate the majority of the members of our Board of Directors and generally have control over our business and affairs.

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We qualify as a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of Nasdaq. Under these rules, a listed company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including the requirement that (i) a majority of our Board of Directors consist of independent directors, (ii) we have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors and (iii) director nominees be selected or recommended to our Board of Directors by independent directors.

We rely on certain of these exemptions. As a result, we do not have a compensation committee consisting entirely of independent directors and our directors are not nominated or selected solely by independent directors. We may also rely on the other exemptions so long as we qualify as a controlled company. To the extent we rely on any of these exemption, holders of our common stock will not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq.

Pursuant to our Tax Receivable Agreement, we will generally be required to pay Hoya Topco and the other TRA Holders 85% of the amount of savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign taxes that are based on, or measured with respect to, our net income or profits and any interest related thereto that our consolidated subsidiaries realizes, or is deemed to realize, as a result of certain tax attributes (the “Tax Attributes”), which include:

 

 

 

 

 

Payments under our Tax Receivable Agreement generally will be based on the tax reporting positions that we determine (in consultation with an advisory firm and subject to the TRA Holder Representative’s review and consent), and the IRS or another taxing authority may challenge a position we take, and a court may sustain such a challenge. If any Tax Attributes we initially claimed or utilized are disallowed, the TRA Holders will not be required to reimburse us for any excess payments that we may have previously made pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement, for example, due to adjustments resulting from examinations by taxing authorities. Rather, any excess payments made to such TRA Holders will reduce any future cash payments we are required to make under the Tax Receivable Agreement, after the determination of such excess. However, a challenge to any

 

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Tax Attributes we initially claimed or utilized may not arise for a number of years after such payment and, even if challenged earlier, such excess cash payment may be greater than the amount of future cash payments that we may be required to make under the terms of the Tax Receivable Agreement. As a result, there might not be future cash payments against which such excess can be applied and we could be required to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement in excess of our actual savings in respect of the Tax Attributes.

lump-sum

lump-sum

The amount and timing of any payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the market price of our Class A Common Stock at the time of an exchange of Intermediate Common Units by a TRA Holder pursuant to the Second A&R LLCA and the amount and timing of the recognition of our income for applicable tax purposes. While many of these factors are outside of our control, the aggregate payments we will be required to make under the Tax Receivable Agreement could be substantial. There can be no assurance that we will be able to finance our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement in a manner that does not adversely affect our working capital and growth requirements.

Any payments we make under the Tax Receivable Agreement will generally reduce our overall cash flow. If we are unable to make timely payments for any reason, the unpaid amounts will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid. Additionally, nonpayment for a specified period and/or under certain circumstances may constitute a material breach and therefore accelerate payments. Furthermore, our future obligation to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement could make us a less attractive target for an acquisition, particularly in the case of an acquirer that cannot use some or all of the Tax Attributes that may be deemed realized under the Tax Receivable Agreement.

We are a holding company with no material assets other than our direct and indirect ownership of equity interests in Hoya Intermediate. As such, we do not have any independent means of generating revenue. We intend to cause Hoya Intermediate to make distributions to its members, including us, in an amount at least sufficient to allow us to pay all applicable taxes, to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, and to pay our corporate and other overhead expenses. To the extent that we need funds, and Hoya Intermediate is restricted from making such distributions under applicable laws or regulations, or is otherwise unable to provide such funds, it could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

Hoya Intermediate is treated, and will continue to be treated, as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax. Instead, its taxable income is generally allocated to its members, including us. Hoya Intermediate will make cash or tax distributions, to the members, including us, calculated using an assumed tax rate, to provide liquidity to members to pay taxes on such member’s allocable share of the taxable income, reduced by taxable losses. Under applicable tax rules, Hoya Intermediate will be required to allocate net taxable income disproportionately to its members in certain circumstances. Because tax distributions may be made on a pro rata basis to all members and such tax distributions may be determined based on the member who is allocated the largest amount of taxable income on a per Intermediate Common Unit basis and an assumed tax rate that is the highest tax rate applicable to any

 

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member, Hoya Intermediate may be required to make tax distributions that, in the aggregate, exceed the amount of taxes that Hoya Intermediate would have paid if it were taxed on its net income at the assumed rate.

As a result of (i) potential differences in the amount of net taxable income allocable to us and to Hoya Topco, (ii) the lower maximum tax rate applicable to corporations than individuals and (iii) the use of an assumed tax rate in calculating Hoya Intermediate’s distribution obligations, we may receive distributions significantly in excess of our actual tax liabilities and our obligations to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. If we do not distribute such cash balances as dividends on our Class A Common Stock and instead, for example, hold such cash balances or lend them to Hoya Intermediate, Hoya Topco would benefit from any value attributable to such accumulated cash balances as a result of its right to acquire shares of our Class A Common Stock or, at our election, an amount of cash equal to the fair market value thereof, in exchange for its Intermediate Common Units. We will have no obligation to distribute such cash balances to our shareholders, and no adjustments will be made to the consideration provided to an exchanging holder in connection with a direct exchange or redemption of Hoya Intermediate limited liability company interests under the Second A&R LLCA as a result of any retention of cash by us.

Securities markets worldwide experience significant price and volume fluctuations. This market volatility, as well as general economic, market or political conditions, could reduce the market price of our Class A Common Stock and public warrants in spite of our operating performance. We cannot assure you that the market price of our Class A Common Stock and public warrants will not fluctuate widely or decline significantly in the future in response to a number of factors, including, among others, the following:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us

 

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could result in substantial legal fees, settlement or judgment costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources that are needed to successfully run our business, which could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are required to comply with the SEC rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of SOX, which require management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of controls over financial reporting.

Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable and timely financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to reasonably detect and prevent fraud. We are also required to report any material weaknesses in such internal control. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

In connection with the audit of our financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, we identified deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting, which in the aggregate, constitute a material weakness. We determined that we had deficiencies related to implementation of segregation of duties as part of our control activities, establishment of clearly defined roles within our finance and accounting functions and the number of personnel in our finance and accounting functions with an appropriate level of technical accounting and SEC reporting experience, which in the aggregate, constitute a material weakness. To address this material weakness, we have begun to hire additional qualified personnel and establish more robust processes to support our internal control over financial reporting, including clearly defined roles and responsibilities and appropriate segregation of duties.

While we have begun implementing a plan to remediate this material weakness, we cannot predict the success of such plan or the outcome of our assessment of this plan at this time. If our steps are insufficient to successfully remediate the material weakness and otherwise establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, the reliability of our financial reporting, investor confidence in us, and the value of our common stock could be materially and adversely affected. We can give no assurance that this implementation will remediate this deficiency in internal control or that additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. Our failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in our financial statements that could result in a restatement of our financial statements or cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations.

For as long as we are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404. We could be an “emerging growth company” until December 31, 2026.

Once we no longer qualify as an “emerging growth company,” we will be required to have our independent registered public accounting firm provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. An independent assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting could detect problems that our management’s assessment might not. Undetected material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting could lead to financial statement restatements and require us to incur the expense of remediation. An adverse report may be issued if our independent registered public accounting firm is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed or operating.

 

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As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and SOX. The Exchange Act requires the filing of annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to a public company’s business and financial condition. SOX requires, among other things, that a public company establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting. As a result, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. Our management team and many of our other employees will need to devote substantial time to compliance and may not effectively or efficiently manage our transition into a public company.

These rules and regulations will result in us incurring substantial legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, these rules and regulations make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be difficult for us to attract and retain qualified people to serve on our Board of Directors, our Board of Director committees or as executive officers.

We are an “emerging growth company,” and, for as long as we continue to be an “emerging growth company,” we may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to “emerging growth companies,” including:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

We cannot predict if investors will find our securities less attractive if we choose to rely on any of the exemptions afforded to “emerging growth companies.” If some investors find our securities less attractive because we rely on any of these exemptions, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the market price of those securities may be more volatile.

Further, the JOBS Act exempts “emerging growth companies” from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a registration statement under the Securities Act declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act

 

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non-emerging

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After October 18, 2022, Hoya Topco and Sponsor will not be restricted from selling shares of our Class A Common Stock other than being subject to applicable securities laws. As such, sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A Common Stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our Class A Common Stock. As of the date of this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange, Sponsor and its affiliates, and our PIPE Investors, collectively own approximately 80% of our Class A Common Stock and Hoya Topco owns 100% of our Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Class B Common Stock”), translating to approximately 60% voting interest.

As restrictions on resale end and registration statements for the sale of shares of our Class A Common Stock, our Class B Common Stock and warrants by the parties to the Registration Rights Agreement dated October 18, 2021 are available for use, the sale or possibility of sale of these shares of our Class A Common Stock, our Class B Common Stock (after conversion to our Class A Common Stock) and warrants could have the effect of increasing the volatility in the market price of our Class A Common Stock or public warrants, or decreasing the market price itself.

We can provide no assurance that an active trading market for our Class A Common Stock and public warrants will develop, or, if such a market develops, that we will be able to maintain an active trading market for those securities on Nasdaq or any other exchange in the future. If an active market for our securities does not develop or is not maintained, or if we fail to satisfy the continued listing standards of Nasdaq for any reason and our securities are delisted, it may be difficult for our security holders to sell their securities without depressing the market price for the securities or at all. An inactive trading market may also impair our ability to both raise capital by selling shares of capital stock and acquire other complementary products, technologies or businesses by using our shares of capital stock as consideration.

The following warrants to purchase our Class A Common Stock are outstanding and exercisable:

 

 

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There are also public warrants to purchase 18,132,766 shares of our Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, which became exercisable on November 17, 2021.

To the extent such warrants are exercised, additional shares of our Class A Common Stock will be issued. This will result in dilution to the holders of our Class A Common Stock and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market or the fact that such warrants may be exercised could adversely affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock.

There are 3,000,000 Hoya Intermediate Warrants outstanding with an exercise price of $10.00 per unit and 3,000,000 Hoya Intermediate Warrants outstanding with an exercise price of $15.00 per unit, which are exercisable. Upon exercise of a Hoya Intermediate Warrant, one share of our Class B Common Stock will also be issued. Holders of Intermediate Common Units (other than us and our subsidiaries) may exchange them for shares of our Class A Common Stock. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market or the fact that such warrants may be exercised could adversely affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock.

Our management also holds options to purchase shares of our Class A Common Stock. To the extent such options are exercised, additional shares of our Class A Common Stock will be issued. This will result in dilution to the holders of our Class A Common Stock and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market or the fact that such options may be exercised could adversely affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock.

The trading market for our securities is influenced to some extent by the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us and our business. We do not control these analysts, and the analysts who publish information about us may have relatively little experience with us or our industry, which could affect their ability to accurately forecast our results and could make it more likely that we fail to meet their estimates. If any of the analysts who cover us provide inaccurate research or issue an adverse opinion regarding our stock price, our stock price could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports covering us regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

Our charter and bylaws contain several provisions that may make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire control of us without the approval of our Board of Directors. These provisions, which may delay, prevent or deter a merger, acquisition, tender offer, proxy contest or other transaction that stockholders may consider favorable, include the following:

 

 

 

 

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These provisions of our charter and bylaws could discourage potential takeover attempts and reduce the price that investors might be willing to pay for shares of our Class A Common Stock in the future, which could reduce the market price of our Class A Common Stock.

Our charter provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, and unless we provide consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, in the event that the Chancery Court does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware) will be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, employee or stockholder to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporate Laws (“DGCL”), our charter or our bylaws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, provided that this provision, including for any “derivative action,” does not apply to suits to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Our charter further provides that the federal district courts of the United States will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. By becoming our stockholder, you will be deemed to have notice of and consented to the exclusive forum provisions of our charter. There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such a provision relating to causes of action arising under the Securities Act, and investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

These provisions may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers. The enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that, in connection with any applicable action brought against us, a court could find the choice of forum provisions contained in our charter to be inapplicable or unenforceable in such action.

If we complete the Offer and Consent Solicitation and obtain the requisite approval of the Warrant Amendment by holders of the public warrants, the Company will have the right to require holders of all public warrants that remain outstanding upon the closing of the Offer to exchange each of their public warrants for 0.213 shares of Class A Common Stock. This represents a ratio of shares of Class A Common Stock per public warrant that is 12.7% less than the exchange ratio applicable to the Offer. Although we intend to require an exchange of all remaining outstanding public warrants as a result of the approval of the Warrant Amendment, we would not be required to effect such an exchange and may defer doing so, if ever, until most economically advantageous to us.

 

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Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Warrant Agreement, the consent of holders of at least 65% of the outstanding public warrants is required to approve the Warrant Amendment. Therefore, one of the conditions to the adoption of the Warrant Amendment is the receipt of the consent of holders of at least 65% of the outstanding public warrants. Eldridge, which holds approximately 28.5% of the outstanding public warrants, has agreed to tender its public warrants in the Offer and to consent to the Warrant Amendment in the Consent Solicitation, pursuant to the Tender and Support Agreement. Accordingly, if holders of an additional approximately 36.5% of the outstanding public warrants consent to the Warrant Amendment in the Consent Solicitation, and the other conditions described herein are satisfied or waived, then the Warrant Amendment will be adopted.

If adopted, we currently intend to require the conversion of all outstanding public warrants to Class A Common Stock as provided in the Warrant Amendment, which would result in the holders of any remaining outstanding public warrants receiving approximately 12.7% fewer shares than if they had tendered their public warrants in the Offer.

Our public warrants may be exchanged for shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Offer, which will increase the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and result in dilution to our stockholders, although there can be no assurance that such warrant exchange will be completed or that all of the holders of the public warrants will elect to participate in the Offer. Any public warrants remaining outstanding after the exchange likely will be exercised only if the $11.50 per share exercise price is below the market price of our Class A Common Stock. We also intend to require an exchange of all remaining outstanding public warrants assuming the approval of the Warrant Amendment. To the extent such public warrants are exchanged following the approval of the Warrant Amendment or exercised, additional shares of Class A Common Stock will be issued. These issuances of Class A Common Stock will result in dilution to our stockholders and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market.

None of us, our affiliates, the dealer manager, the exchange agent or the information agent makes any recommendation as to whether you should exchange some or all of your public warrants or consent to the Warrant Amendment. We have not retained, and do not intend to retain, any unaffiliated representative to act on behalf of the public warrant holders for purposes of negotiating the Offer or Consent Solicitation or preparing a report concerning the fairness of the Offer or the Consent Solicitation. You must make your own independent decision regarding your participation in the Offer and the Consent Solicitation.

We can give no assurance as to the market price of our Class A Common Stock in the future. If you choose to tender some or all of your public warrants in the Offer, future events may cause an increase in the market price of our Class A Common Stock and public warrants, which may result in a lower value realized by participating in the Offer than you might have realized if you did not exchange your public warrants. Similarly, if you do not tender your public warrants in the Offer, there can be no assurance that you can sell your public warrants (or exercise them for shares of Class A Common Stock) in the future at a higher value than would have been obtained by participating in the Offer. In addition, if the Warrant Amendment is adopted, you may receive fewer shares than if you had tendered your public warrants in the Offer. You should consult your own individual tax and/or financial advisor for assistance on how this may affect your individual situation.

 

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The number of shares of Class A Common Stock for each public warrant accepted for exchange is fixed at the number of shares specified on the cover of this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange and will fluctuate in value if there is any increase or decrease in the market price of our Class A Common Stock or the public warrants after the date of this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange. Therefore, the market price of our Class A Common Stock when we deliver Class A Common Stock in exchange for your public warrants could be less than the market price of the public warrants at the time you tender your public warrants. The market price of our Class A Common Stock could continue to fluctuate and be subject to volatility during the period of time between when we accept public warrants for exchange in the Offer and when we deliver Class A Common Stock in exchange for public warrants, or during any extension of the Offer Period.

The public warrants are issued in registered form under the Amended and Restated Warrant Agreement. The Amended and Restated Warrant Agreement provides that the terms of the public warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but requires the approval by the holders of at least 65% of the then outstanding public warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of public warrants. Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the public warrants in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 65% of the then outstanding public warrants approve of such amendment. Although our ability to amend the terms of the public warrants with the consent of at least 65% of the then outstanding public warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the public warrants, convert the public warrants into cash or Class A Common Stock, shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of shares of Class A Common Stock purchasable upon exercise of a public warrants.

Under the terms of the Amended and Restated Warrant Agreement, we are obligated to file and maintain an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the issuance of shares of our Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants and thereafter will use our commercially reasonable efforts to maintain a current prospectus relating to the Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants, until the expiration of the public warrants in accordance with the provisions of the Amended and Restated Warrant Agreement. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so if, for example, any facts or events arise which represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement or prospectus, the financial statements contained or incorporated by reference therein are not current or correct or the SEC issues a stop order. If the shares issuable upon exercise of the public warrants are not registered under the Securities Act, we are required to permit holders to exercise their public warrants on a cashless basis. However, no public warrant will be exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, and we will not be obligated to issue any shares to holders seeking to exercise their warrants, unless the issuance of the shares upon such exercise is registered or qualified under the securities laws of the state of the exercising holder, or an exemption from registration is available. If and when the public warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying shares of common stock for sale under all applicable state securities laws.

 

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If the Warrant Amendment is approved, it is unlikely that any public warrants will remain outstanding following the completion of the Offer and Consent Solicitation. See “—The Warrant Amendment, if approved, will allow us to require that all outstanding public warrants be exchanged for Class A Common Stock at a ratio 12.7% lower than the exchange ratio applicable to the Offer.” However, if any unexchanged public warrants remain outstanding, then the ability to sell such public warrants may become more limited due to the reduction in the number of public warrants outstanding upon completion of the Offer and Consent Solicitation. A more limited trading market might adversely affect the liquidity, market price and price volatility of unexchanged public warrants. If there continues to be a market for our unexchanged public warrants, these securities may trade at a discount to the price at which the securities would trade if the number outstanding were not reduced, depending on the market for similar securities and other factors.

 

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Until the Expiration Date, we are offering to holders of our public warrants the opportunity to receive 0.240 of Class A Common Stock in exchange for each public warrant they hold. Holders of the public warrants tendered for exchange will not have to pay the exercise price for the tendered public warrants in order to receive shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Offer. Our obligation to complete the Offer is not conditioned on the receipt of a minimum number of tendered public warrants.

No fractional shares will be issued pursuant to the Offer. In lieu of issuing fractional shares, any holder of public warrants who would otherwise have been entitled to receive fractional shares pursuant to the Offer will, after aggregating all such fractional shares of such holder, be paid cash (without interest) in an amount equal to such fractional part of a share multiplied by the last sale price of our Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq on the last trading day of the Offer Period.

Annex

 A

Holders who tender public warrants for exchange in the Offer will automatically be deemed, without any further action, to have given their consent to approval of the Warrant Amendment (effective upon our acceptance of the tendered public warrants). The consent to the Warrant Amendment is a part of the Letter of Transmittal and Consent relating to the public warrants.

You cannot tender any public warrants for exchange in the Offer without giving your consent to the Warrant Amendment. Thus, before deciding whether to tender any public warrants, you should be aware that a tender of public warrants may result in the approval of the Warrant Amendment.

The Offer and Consent Solicitation is subject to the terms and conditions contained in this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange and the Letter of Transmittal and Consent.

You may tender some or all of your public warrants in response to the Offer.

If you tender public warrants, you may withdraw your tendered public warrants at any time before the Expiration Date and retain them on their current terms or amended terms if the Warrant Amendment is approved,

 

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by following the instructions herein. In addition, public warrants that are not accepted by us for exchange by July 28, 2022 may thereafter be withdrawn by you until such time as the public warrants are accepted by us for exchange.

We are headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Our business was founded in 2001. In March 2021, we incorporated an entity in Delaware for the purpose of completing the Business Combination. In October 2021, as contemplated by the Transaction Agreement, Horizon merged with us, upon which the separate corporate existence of Horizon ended and we remained as the surviving entity. At the same time, we became a publicly traded company listed on Nasdaq.

291-9966.

Our Class A Common Stock and public warrants are listed on Nasdaq under the symbols “SEAT” and “SEATW,” respectively.

The public warrants subject to the Offer were issued in connection with the Business Combination. Each public warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of our Class A Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment. The public warrants are quoted on Nasdaq under the symbol “SEATW.” As of May 23, 2022, a total of 18,132,766 public warrants were outstanding. Pursuant to the Offer, we are offering up to an aggregate of 4,351,864 shares of our Class A Common Stock in exchange for the public warrants.

The Offer and Consent Solicitation will expire on the Expiration Date, which is 11:59 p.m., Eastern Daylight Time, on June 29, 2022, or such later time and date to which we may extend. We expressly reserve the right, in our sole discretion, at any time or from time to time, to extend the period of time during which the Offer and Consent Solicitation is open. There can be no assurance that we will exercise our right to extend the Offer Period. During any extension, all public warrant holders who previously tendered public warrants will have a right to withdraw such previously tendered public warrants until the Expiration Date, as extended. If we extend the Offer Period, we will make a public announcement of such extension by no later than 9:00 a.m., Eastern Daylight Time, on the next business day following the Expiration Date as in effect immediately prior to such extension.

Rule 13e-4(f)(5)

At the expiration of the Offer Period, the current terms of the public warrants will continue to apply to any unexchanged public warrants, or the amended terms if the Warrant Amendment is approved, until the public warrants expire on October 18, 2026, subject to certain terms and conditions.

We reserve the right at any time or from time to time, to amend the Offer and Consent Solicitation, including by increasing or (if the conditions to the Offer are not satisfied) decreasing the exchange ratio of Class A Common Stock issued for every public warrant exchanged or by changing the terms of the Warrant Amendment.

 

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13e-4(d)(2)

13e-4(e)(3)

If we increase or decrease the exchange ratio of our Class A Common Stock issuable in exchange for a public warrant, the amount of public warrants sought for tender or the dealer manager’s soliciting fee, and the Offer and Consent Solicitation is scheduled to expire at any time earlier than the end of the tenth business day from the date that we first publish, send or give notice of such an increase or decrease, then we will extend the Offer and Consent Solicitation until the expiration of that ten business day period.

Other material amendments to the Offer and Consent Solicitation may require us to extend the Offer and Consent Solicitation for a minimum of five business days.

Our obligation to complete the Offer is not conditioned on the receipt of a minimum number of tendered public warrants. If you choose to participate in the Offer, you may tender less than all of your public warrants pursuant to the terms of the Offer. No fractional shares will be issued pursuant to the Offer. In lieu of issuing fractional shares, any holder of public warrants who would otherwise have been entitled to receive fractional shares pursuant to the Offer will, after aggregating all such fractional shares of such holder, be paid cash (without interest) in an amount equal to such fractional part of a share multiplied by the last sale price of our Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq on the last trading day of the Offer Period.

The Offer and Consent Solicitation are conditioned upon the following:

 

 

 

 

 

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The Consent Solicitation is conditioned on our receiving the consent of holders of at least 65% of the outstanding public warrants to approve the Warrant Amendment (which is the minimum number required to amend the Amended and Restated Warrant Agreement).

We will not complete the Offer and Consent Solicitation unless and until the registration statement described above is effective. If the registration statement is not effective at the Expiration Date, we may, in our discretion, extend, suspend or cancel the Offer and Consent Solicitation, and will inform public warrant holders of such event. If we extend the Offer Period, we will make a public announcement of such extension and the new Expiration Date by no later than 9:00 a.m., Eastern Daylight Time, on the next business day following the Expiration Date as in effect immediately prior to such extension.

In addition, as to any public warrant holder, the Offer and Consent Solicitation is conditioned upon such public warrant holder desiring to tender public warrants in the Offer delivering to the exchange agent in a timely manner the holder’s public warrants to be tendered and any other required paperwork, all in accordance with the applicable procedures described in this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange and set forth in the Letter of Transmittal and Consent.

The foregoing conditions are solely for our benefit, and we may assert one or more of the conditions regardless of the circumstances giving rise to any such conditions. We may also, in our sole and absolute discretion, waive these conditions in whole or in part, subject to the potential requirement to disseminate additional information and extend the Offer Period. The determination by us as to whether any condition has been satisfied shall be conclusive and binding on all parties. The failure by us at any time to exercise any of the foregoing rights shall not be deemed a waiver of any such right, and each such right shall be deemed a continuing right which may be asserted at any time and from time to time prior to the Expiration Date.

We may withdraw the Offer and Consent Solicitation only if the conditions of the Offer and Consent Solicitation are not satisfied or waived prior to the Expiration Date. Promptly upon any such withdrawal, we will return the tendered public warrants (and the related consent to the Warrant Amendment will be revoked). We will announce our decision to withdraw the Offer and Consent Solicitation by disseminating notice by public announcement or otherwise as permitted by applicable law.

Neither we nor any of our affiliates, directors, officers or employees, or the information agent, the exchange agent or the dealer manager for the Offer and Consent Solicitation is making any recommendations to any public warrant holder as to whether to exchange their public warrants and deliver their consent to the Warrant Amendment. Each public warrant holder must make its own decision as to whether to tender public warrants for exchange pursuant to the Offer and consent to the amendment of the Amended and Restated Warrant Agreement pursuant to the Consent Solicitation.

Issuance of Class A Common Stock upon exchange of public warrants pursuant to the Offer and acceptance by us of public warrants for exchange pursuant to the Offer and providing your consent to the Warrant

 

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Amendment will be made only if public warrants are properly tendered pursuant to the procedures described below and set forth in the Letter of Transmittal and Consent. A tender of public warrants pursuant to such procedures, if and when accepted by us, will constitute a binding agreement between the tendering holder of public warrants and us upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer and Consent Solicitation. The proper tender of your public warrants will constitute a consent to the Warrant Amendment with respect to each warrant tendered.

A tender of public warrants made pursuant to any method of delivery set forth herein will also constitute an agreement and acknowledgement by the tendering public warrant holder that, among other things: (i) the public warrant holder agrees to exchange the tendered public warrants on the terms and conditions set forth in this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange and Letter of Transmittal and Consent, in each case as may be amended or supplemented prior to the Expiration Date; (ii) the public warrant holder consents to the Warrant Agreement; (iii) the Offer is discretionary and may be extended, modified, suspended or terminated by us as provided herein; (iv) such public warrant holder is voluntarily participating in the Offer; (v) the future value of our public warrants is unknown and cannot be predicted with certainty; and (vi) such public warrant holder has read this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange, Letter of Transmittal and Consent and Warrant Amendment.

For purposes of the tender procedures set forth below, the term “registered holder” means any person in whose name public warrants are registered on our books or who is listed as a participant in a clearing agency’s security position listing with respect to the public warrants.

Persons whose public warrants are held through a direct or indirect participant of The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), such as a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other financial intermediary, are not considered registered holders of those public warrants but are “beneficial owners.” Beneficial owners cannot directly tender public warrants for exchange pursuant to the Offer. Instead, a beneficial owner must instruct its broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other financial intermediary to tender public warrants for exchange on behalf of the beneficial owner. See “—Required Communications by Beneficial Owners.”

A registered holder of public warrants may tender their public warrants for exchange using a Letter of Transmittal and Consent in the form provided by us with this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange. A Letter of Transmittal and Consent is to be used only if delivery of public warrants is to be made by book-entry transfer to the exchange agent’s account at DTC pursuant to the procedures set forth in “—Tendering Warrants Using Book-Entry Transfer”; provided, however, that it is not necessary to execute and deliver a Letter of Transmittal and Consent if instructions with respect to the tender of such public warrants are transmitted through DTC’s Automated Tender Offer Program (“ATOP”). If you are a registered holder of public warrants, unless you intend to tender those public warrants through ATOP, you should complete, execute and deliver a Letter of Transmittal and Consent to indicate the action you desire to take with respect to the Offer and Consent Solicitation.

In order for public warrants to be properly tendered for exchange pursuant to the Offer using a Letter of Transmittal and Consent, the registered holder of the public warrants being tendered must ensure that the exchange agent receives the following: (i) a properly completed and duly executed Letter of Transmittal and Consent, in accordance with the instructions of the Letter of Transmittal and Consent (including any required signature guarantees); (ii) delivery of the public warrants by book-entry transfer to the exchange agent’s account at DTC; and (iii) any other documents required by the Letter of Transmittal and Consent.

In the Letter of Transmittal and Consent, the tendering registered public warrant holder must set forth: (i) its name and address; (ii) the number of public warrants being tendered by the holder for exchange; and (iii) certain other information specified in the form of Letter of Transmittal and Consent.

 

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In certain cases, all signatures on the Letter of Transmittal and Consent must be guaranteed by an “Eligible Institution.” See “—Signature Guarantees.”

If the Letter of Transmittal and Consent is signed by someone other than the registered holder of the tendered public warrants (for example, if the registered holder has assigned the public warrants to a third-party), or if our shares of Class A Common Stock to be issued upon exchange of the tendered public warrants are to be issued in a name other than that of the registered holder of the tendered public warrants, the tendered public warrants must be properly accompanied by appropriate assignment documents, in either case signed exactly as the name(s) of the registered holder(s) appear on the public warrants, with the signature(s) on the public warrants or assignment documents guaranteed by an Eligible Institution (as defined herein).

Any public warrants duly tendered and delivered as described above shall be automatically cancelled upon the issuance of Class A Common Stock in exchange for such public warrants as part of the completion of the Offer.

Rule 17Ad-15

Signatures on the Letter of Transmittal and Consent need not be guaranteed by an Eligible Institution if (i) the Letter of Transmittal and Consent is signed by the registered holder of the public warrants tendered therewith exactly as the name of the registered holder appears on such public warrants and such holder has not completed the box entitled “Special Issuance Instructions” or the box entitled “Special Delivery Instructions” in the Letter of Transmittal and Consent; or (ii) such public warrants are tendered for the account of an Eligible Institution. In all other cases, an Eligible Institution must guarantee all signatures on the Letter of Transmittal and Consent by completing and signing the table in the Letter of Transmittal and Consent entitled “Guarantee of Signature(s).”

Persons whose public warrants are held through a direct or indirect DTC participant, such as a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other financial intermediary, are not considered registered holders of those public warrants, but are “beneficial owners,” and must instruct the broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other financial intermediary to tender public warrants on their behalf. Your broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other financial intermediary should have provided you with an “Instructions Form” with this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange. The Instructions Form is also filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange forms a part. The Instructions Form may be used by you to instruct your broker or other custodian to tender and deliver public warrants on your behalf.

The exchange agent has established an account for the public warrants at DTC for purposes of the Offer and Consent Solicitation. Any financial institution that is a participant in DTC’s system may make book-entry delivery of public warrants by causing DTC to transfer such public warrants into the exchange agent’s account in accordance with ATOP. However, even though delivery of public warrants may be effected through book-entry transfer into the exchange agent’s account at DTC, a properly completed and duly executed Letter of Transmittal and Consent (with any required signature guarantees), or an “Agent’s Message” as described in the next paragraph, and any other required documentation, must in any case also be transmitted to and received by the

 

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exchange agent at its address set forth in this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange prior to the Expiration Date, or the guaranteed delivery procedures described under “—Guaranteed Delivery Procedures” must be followed.

DTC participants desiring to tender public warrants for exchange pursuant to the Offer may do so through ATOP, and in that case the participant need not complete, execute and deliver a Letter of Transmittal and Consent. DTC will verify the acceptance and execute a book-entry delivery of the tendered public warrants to the exchange agent’s account at DTC. DTC will then send an “Agent’s Message” to the exchange agent for acceptance. Delivery of the Agent’s Message by DTC will satisfy the terms of the Offer and Consent Solicitation as to execution and delivery of a Letter of Transmittal and Consent by the DTC participant identified in the Agent’s Message. The term “Agent’s Message” means a message, transmitted by DTC to, and received by, the exchange agent and forming a part of a Book-Entry Confirmation, which states that DTC has received an express acknowledgment from the participant in DTC tendering the public warrants for exchange that such participant has received and agrees to be bound by the terms of the Letter of Transmittal and Consent and that we may enforce such agreement against the participant. Any DTC participant tendering by book-entry transfer must expressly acknowledge that it has received and agrees to be bound by the Letter of Transmittal and Consent and that the Letter of Transmittal and Consent may be enforced against it.

Any public warrants duly tendered and delivered as described above shall be automatically cancelled upon the issuance of Class A Common Stock in exchange for such public warrants as part of the completion of the Offer.

If a registered holder of public warrants desires to tender its public warrants for exchange pursuant to the Offer, but (i) the procedure for book-entry transfer cannot be completed on a timely basis, or (ii) time will not permit all required documents to reach the exchange agent prior to the Expiration Date, the holder can still tender its public warrants if all the following conditions are met:

 

 

 

In any case where the guaranteed delivery procedure is utilized for the tender of public warrants pursuant to the Offer, the issuance of Class A Common Stock for those public warrants tendered for exchange pursuant to the Offer and accepted pursuant to the Offer will be made only if the exchange agent has timely received the applicable foregoing items.

UNLESS THE GUARANTEED DELIVERY PROCEDURES DESCRIBED ABOVE ARE FOLLOWED, WARRANTS WILL BE PROPERLY TENDERED ONLY IF, BY THE EXPIRATION DATE, THE

 

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EXCHANGE AGENT RECEIVES SUCH WARRANTS BY BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER, TOGETHER WITH A PROPERLY COMPLETED AND DULY EXECUTED LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL AND CONSENT OR AN AGENT’S MESSAGE.

ALL DELIVERIES IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFER AND CONSENT SOLICITATION, INCLUDING ANY LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL AND CONSENT AND THE TENDERED WARRANTS, MUST BE MADE TO THE EXCHANGE AGENT. NO DELIVERIES SHOULD BE MADE TO US. ANY DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO US WILL NOT BE FORWARDED TO THE EXCHANGE AGENT AND THEREFORE WILL NOT BE DEEMED TO BE PROPERLY TENDERED. THE METHOD OF DELIVERY OF ALL REQUIRED DOCUMENTS IS AT THE OPTION AND RISK OF THE TENDERING WARRANT HOLDERS. IF DELIVERY IS BY MAIL, WE RECOMMEND REGISTERED MAIL WITH RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED (PROPERLY INSURED). IN ALL CASES, SUFFICIENT TIME SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO ENSURE TIMELY DELIVERY.

All questions as to the form of documents and the validity, eligibility (including time of receipt) and acceptance for exchange of any tender of public warrants will be determined by us, in our sole discretion, and our determination will be final and binding. We reserve the absolute right to reject any or all tenders of public warrants that we determine are not in proper form or reject tenders of public warrants that may, in the opinion of our counsel, be unlawful. We also reserve the absolute right to waive any defect or irregularity in any tender of any particular public warrant, whether or not similar defects or irregularities are waived in the case of other tendered public warrants. Neither we nor any other person will be under any duty to give notice of any defect or irregularity in tenders, nor shall any of us or them incur any liability for failure to give any such notice.

Tendering public warrant holders who tender public warrants directly to the exchange agent will not be obligated to pay any charges or expenses of the exchange agent, the dealer manager or any brokerage commissions. Beneficial owners who hold public warrants through a broker or bank should consult that institution as to whether or not such institution will charge the owner any service fees in connection with tendering public warrants on behalf of the owner pursuant to the Offer and Consent Solicitation.

We will pay all transfer taxes, if any, applicable to the transfer of public warrants to us in the Offer. If transfer taxes are imposed for any other reason, the amount of those transfer taxes, whether imposed on the registered holder or any other persons, will be payable by the tendering holder. Other reasons transfer taxes could be imposed include (i) if our Class A Common Stock is to be registered or issued in the name of any person other than the person signing the Letter of Transmittal and Consent, or (ii) if tendered public warrants are registered in the name of any person other than the person signing the Letter of Transmittal and Consent. If satisfactory evidence of payment of or exemption from those transfer taxes is not submitted with the Letter of Transmittal and Consent, the amount of those transfer taxes will be billed directly to the tendering holder and/or withheld from any payment due with respect to the public warrants tendered by such holder.

By tendering public warrants for exchange, a holder will be deemed to have validly delivered its consent to the Warrant Amendment. Tenders of public warrants made pursuant to the Offer may be withdrawn at any time prior to the Expiration Date. Consents to the Warrant Amendment in connection with the Consent Solicitation may be revoked at any time before the Expiration Date by withdrawing the tender of your public warrants. A valid withdrawal of tendered public warrants before the Expiration Date will be deemed to be a concurrent

 

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revocation of the related consent to the Warrant Amendment. Tenders of public warrants and consent to the Warrant Amendment may not be withdrawn after the Expiration Date. If the Offer Period is extended, you may withdraw your tendered public warrants at any time until the expiration of such extended Offer Period. After the Offer Period expires, such tenders are irrevocable, provided, however, that public warrants that are not accepted by us for exchange by July 28, 2022 may thereafter be withdrawn by you until such time as the public warrants are accepted by us for exchange.

To be effective, a written notice of withdrawal must be timely received by the exchange agent at its address identified in this Prospectus/Offer to Exchange. Any notice of withdrawal must specify the name of the person who tendered the public warrants for which tenders are to be withdrawn and the number of public warrants to be withdrawn. If the public warrants to be withdrawn have been delivered to the exchange agent, a signed notice of withdrawal must be submitted prior to release of such public warrants. In addition, such notice must specify the name of the registered holder (if different from that of the tendering public warrant holder). A withdrawal may not be cancelled, and public warrants for which tenders are withdrawn will thereafter be deemed not validly tendered for purposes of the Offer and Consent Solicitation. However, public warrants for which tenders are withdrawn may be tendered again by following one of the procedures described above in the section titled “—Procedure for Tendering Warrants for Exchange” at any time prior to the Expiration Date.

A beneficial owner of public warrants desiring to withdraw tendered public warrants previously delivered through DTC should contact the DTC participant through which such owner holds its public warrants. In order to withdraw public warrants previously tendered, a DTC participant may, prior to the Expiration Date, withdraw its instruction by (i) withdrawing its acceptance through DTC’s Participant Tender Offer Program (“PTOP”) function, or (ii) delivering to the exchange agent by mail, hand delivery or facsimile transmission, notice of withdrawal of such instruction. The notice of withdrawal must contain the name and number of the DTC participant. A withdrawal of an instruction must be executed by a DTC participant as such DTC participant’s name appears on its transmission through the PTOP function to which such withdrawal relates. If the tender being withdrawn was made through ATOP, it may only be withdrawn through PTOP, and not by hard copy delivery of withdrawal instructions. A DTC participant may withdraw a tendered public warrant only if such withdrawal complies with the provisions described in this paragraph.

A holder who tendered its public warrants other than through DTC should send written notice of withdrawal to the exchange agent specifying the name of the public warrant holder who tendered the public warrants being withdrawn. All signatures on a notice of withdrawal must be guaranteed by an Eligible Institution, as described above in the section titled “—Procedure for Tendering Warrants for Exchange—Signature Guarantees”; provided, however, that signatures on the notice of withdrawal need not be guaranteed if the public warrants being withdrawn are held for the account of an Eligible Institution. Withdrawal of a prior public warrant tender will be effective upon receipt of the notice of withdrawal by the exchange agent. Selection of the method of notification is at the risk of the public warrant holder, and notice of withdrawal must be timely received by the exchange agent.

All questions as to the form and validity (including time of receipt) of any notice of withdrawal will be determined by us, in our sole discretion, which determination shall be final and binding. Neither we nor any other person will be under any duty to give notification of any defect or irregularity in any notice of withdrawal or incur any liability for failure to give any such notification.

Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer and Consent Solicitation, we will accept for exchange public warrants validly tendered until the Expiration Date, which is 11:59 p.m., Eastern Daylight Time, on June 29, 2022, or such later time and date to which we may extend. Our Class A Common Stock to be issued upon exchange of public warrants pursuant to the Offer, along with written notice from Exchange Agent confirming the balance of any public warrants not exchanged, will be delivered promptly following the

 

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Expiration Date. In all cases, public warrants will only be accepted for exchange pursuant to the Offer after timely receipt by the exchange agent of (i) book-entry delivery of the tendered public warrants, (ii) a properly completed and duly executed Letter of Transmittal and Consent, or compliance with ATOP where applicable, (iii) any other documentation required by the Letter of Transmittal and Consent, and (iv) any required signature guarantees.

non-acceptance.

We will announce the final results of the Offer and Consent Solicitation, including whether all of the conditions to the Offer and Consent Solicitation have been satisfied or waived and whether we will accept the tendered public warrants for exchange, as promptly as practicable following the end of the Offer Period. The announcement will be made by a press release and by amendment to the Schedule TO we will file with the SEC in connection with the Offer and Consent Solicitation.

Our Board of Directors approved the Offer and Consent Solicitation on May 25, 2022. The purpose of the Offer and Consent Solicitation is to attempt to simplify our capital structure and reduce the potential dilutive impact of the public warrants, thereby providing us with more flexibility for financing our operations in the future. The public warrants that are tendered for exchange pursuant to the Offer will be retired and cancelled automatically upon the issuance of Class A Common Stock in exchange for such public warrants pursuant to the Offer.

Except for the Tender and Support Agreement, there are no present or proposed agreements, arrangements, understandings or relationships between us, and any of our directors, executive officers, affiliates or any other person relating, directly or indirectly, to the Offer and Consent Solicitation or to our securities that are the subject of the Offer and Consent Solicitation.

Pursuant to the Tender and Support Agreement, Eldridge, which holds in the aggregate approximately 28.5% of the outstanding public warrants, has agreed to tender its public warrants in the Offer and consent to the Warrant Amendment in the Consent Solicitation. Therefore, if holders of an additional approximately 36.5% of the outstanding public warrants consent to the Warrant Amendment in the Consent Solicitation, and the other conditions described herein are satisfied or waived, then the Warrant Amendment will be adopted.

Except for the requirements of applicable federal and state securities laws, we know of no federal or state regulatory requirements to be complied with or federal or state regulatory approvals to be obtained by us in connection with the Offer and Consent Solicitation. There are no antitrust laws applicable to the Offer and Consent Solicitation. The margin requirements under Section 7 of the Exchange Act, and the related regulations thereunder, are inapplicable to the Offer and Consent Solicitation.

There are no pending legal proceedings relating to the Offer and Consent Solicitation.

Except for Eldridge and Mr. Boehly, Eldridge’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, neither we nor any of our directors, executive officers or affiliates beneficially own any of the public warrants.

 

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We operate a technology platform and marketplace that enables ticket buyers to easily discover and purchase tickets from ticket sellers while enabling ticket sellers to seamlessly manage their operations. To generate ticket sales, drive traffic to our website and mobile applications and build brand recognition, we have mutually beneficial partnerships with a number of content rights holders, media partners, product and service partners and distribution partners.

Our platform is built on years of customer transactional and engagement data that provides us with deep insights into how to best connect ticket buyers with the experiences they seek. We understand the feeling of anticipation as the start of an event approaches and work diligently to enable fans to experience as many of these moments as possible. We seek to provide enriching customer engagement opportunities with personalized recommendations, engaging discovery options, a streamlined shopping experience and our Vivid Seats Rewards program, which allows ticket buyers to earn Reward Credits to spend on future orders and experience even more of their favorite events.

We operate our business in two segments, Marketplace and Resale.

Through our Marketplace segment, we act as an intermediary between event ticket buyers and ticket sellers. We earn revenue from processing ticket sales on our website and mobile applications and sales initiated through our numerous distribution partners. Using our online platform, we process customer payments, coordinate ticket deliveries, and provide customer service to both our ticket buyers and sellers.

We primarily earn revenue from service and delivery fees charged to ticket buyers. We also earn referral fee revenue by offering event ticket insurance to ticket buyers, using a third-party insurance provider. We do not hold ticket inventory in the Marketplace segment. We incur costs for developing and maintaining our platform, providing back-office and customer support to ticket buyers and sellers, processing payments, and shipping tickets. We also incur substantial marketing costs, primarily related to online advertising, which we expect to increase over time as we grow and scale the business.

 

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The tickets we sell through our Marketplace segment are diversified across sports, concerts and theater. A diversified mix across these three major categories broadens our opportunities, limits exposure to any particular category, and reduces seasonal variation in volumes.

Within each of these categories, there are a broad range of productions that provide further diversification:

 

 

 

In our Resale segment, we acquire tickets to resell on secondary ticket marketplaces, including our own. Our Resale segment also provides internal research and development support for Skybox and our ongoing efforts to deliver best in class seller software and tools.

We want Vivid Seats to be the destination ticketing marketplace buyers and sellers consider when searching for, purchasing and selling event tickets. We seek to offer the best value to ticket buyers and sellers in the secondary ticketing market and want to amplify our message to maximize awareness of what differentiates our offerings. We believe we differentiate from competitors by offering extensive breadth and depth of ticket listings at a competitive value. Our Vivid Seats Rewards program allows ticket buyers to earn Reward Credits to spend on future orders.

We provide a reliable and secure experience for ticket buyers through our award-winning customer service and our 100% Buyer Guarantee designed to give our ticket buyers peace of mind. Our customer service provides full-service customer care, safe and secure transactions, and valid tickets delivered before the event while our Buyer Guarantee provides compensation for cancelled events. Live event tickets are often a significant purchase and the more customers understand our value proposition, appreciate that we are a trusted marketplace, develop an affinity for our brand, and interact with our technology, the more transactions we expect to complete.

We want to connect with our customers and we want our customers to connect with us. We aim to close the awareness gap to ensure that fans know when their favorite artists or sports teams are performing or playing near them. Accordingly, we strive to improve the discovery process to help fans attend more of their favorite events.

We provide customized content to our customers to enhance their experience while driving continued engagement. We provide a broad selection of competitively priced tickets and we provide access to live stream performances, blog content, and industry news. We also provide personalized recommendations to our ticket buyers. In December 2021, we acquired Betcha, a real money daily fantasy sports app, with social and gamification features. We completed this acquisition to enhance our connection with our customers by providing adjacent features and unique experiences alongside our ticketing marketplace that will enable more frequent engagement.

 

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Once customers transact with Vivid Seats, many return and complete additional transactions. We seek to increase both the number and frequency of these repeat customer visits and transactions by having ticket buyers view us as their ticketing platform of choice. We believe the combination of our Vivid Seats Rewards program, increasing brand awareness and ongoing product improvements will drive a more personalized and engaging experience and will result in greater affinity towards our marketplace. As ticket buyers gain a full appreciation of our value proposition relative to other ticketing marketplaces, we anticipate they will increasingly visit our website and mobile applications to complete more transactions with us.

We enable our ticket sellers to thrive by offering products and services that support their business needs. Our proprietary Skybox platform helps ticket sellers manage their inventory, set pricing, fulfill orders, and track sales. We have a proud history of innovating to support our ticket sellers and continue to develop additional tools and service offerings that address existing problems or add efficiency to the sales and fulfillment process. As we increase the quality and depth of our seller tools, we will attract additional sellers and listings to our platform, reinforce our existing seller relationships and reduce friction. We anticipate this will result in more transactions in our marketplace.

Partnerships are an important and additive part of our ecosystem. They help generate ticket sales, drive traffic to our website and mobile applications and build brand recognition. Our partner ecosystem includes:

 

 

 

 

We will continue to seek out mutually beneficial partnerships in our existing ecosystem and other categories that improve the experience for our customers while leveraging our existing brand, traffic and reputation.

Our “built in the cloud” technology platform supports all elements of the fan experience. Customers can search for an event, buy or sell a ticket, engage with curated content, and contact customer support. Our technology mission is to continually innovate and deliver market-leading products and services that support the evolving needs of our ticket buyers and sellers. Our scalable, reliable and performant systems power a consumer and partner-facing platform that supports ticket buyers while our tools power inventory management and ticket fulfillment for ticket sellers.

 

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Our consumer systems are designed to respond to the dynamic, fast-paced landscape of the live events industry. Our marketplace, supported by proprietary digital marketing technology, is adept at capitalizing on demand opportunities by bringing ticket buyers to our platform for their desired event and seamlessly supporting their shopping and checkout experience. We continually invest in optimizing our consumer-facing technology across our website and mobile applications. We see opportunities to create engaging and delightful experiences through enticing listings, relevant content, curated recommendations and a seamless checkout process. We power that experience through a host of technology systems that consider historical transactional and engagement behavior, proximity and ticket buyer preferences. We leverage the latest technologies in search, customer relationship management and data analytics and incorporate these capabilities into our advanced and flexible infrastructure.

web-based

turn-key

Our platform is extensible and flexible. We can integrate with new partners, target new customer channels, access new supply bases, and connect with complementary technologies.

We have scalable and reliable systems. We continue to build and modernize our technology infrastructure to support the growth of our marketplace. We can handle increases from unpredictable surges in site traffic across our ticket buyer, seller and partner platform. We utilize a host of technology availability, monitoring and scaling solutions to respond to rapid changes for a business that operates around the clock.

Our technology architecture is service-oriented, cloud-based, and modular. Each individual component of our architecture is independent. We can innovate quickly, increase development velocity and leverage new development technologies available in the market. We can also scale our platform to meet changing levels of ticket buyer demand and evolving ticket seller needs.

Our APIs allow a broad ecosystem of third-party tools and systems to integrate with our platform. Third-party tools integrate with our marketplace ticket broker API and ticket broker portal to streamline and automate the sales and fulfillment process. Our Skybox ERP integrates with numerous third-party automation and workflow management solutions. Thus, ticket sellers can leverage other applications and functions to support the specific needs of their business.

 

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Our passion and excitement for live events drives us to provide memorable experiences and services to our customers and partners.

Our values ground us in all that we do: